Download data

Powerbroker for

Select an assessment year:

  • Overall approach
    8/10
    • Overarching commitment on deforestation
      4/4
      Overall commitment
      Conversion-free/zero-gross conversion/zero-net conversion commitment or a zero deforestation/deforestation-free commitment that explicitly includes all other natural ecosystems
      4/4
      "LDC Commits to Zero Deforestation & Native Vegetation Conversion in Its Supply Chains by End 2025"
    • Signatory to an initiative tackling deforestation
      1/1
      Signatory
      Yes
      1/1
      LDC is a collaborating member of the Tropical Forest Alliance and is a member of the UN Global Compact - "LDC has been a member of the Brazilian Soy Moratorium since its inception in 2006." [...] "We are also a founding member of the Soft Commodities Forum, a global platform for leading soft commodities companies to collaborate on common sustainability challenges, convened by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). As members of this group, we are committed to transparent reporting on soy origination in Brazil and the Cerrado.LDC is a member of the Tropical Forest Alliance, and active in finding sector-level solutions to reducing deforestation in agri-supply chains."
    • Awareness of the value of forests
      1/1
      Awareness
      Yes
      1/1
      "We make the protection of ecosystems a priority, both in our daily business operations and when we expand into new activities, recognizing that losing land of high ecological value destroys habitats, has knock on effects for climate change, affects water retnetion in soils ansd can disrupt local communities."
    • Deforestation as a business risk
      1/1
      Business risk
      Yes
      1/1
      What proportion of revenue that comes from relevant industries is exposed to each forest risk commodity?: NA

      What type of risk is recognised?: Operational
      "The long term future of our business and agricultural supply chain depends on the responsible use of natural resources and conservation of native ecosystems."
    • High-level management of deforestion
      1/1
      High-level management
      Yes
      1/1
      Which commodities does it apply to?: Palm oil; Soy

      How often does the committee or board meet to assess company's progress on addressing deforestation-related issues?: Bi-annually
      Environment CommitteeResponsible for all other aspects of LDC’s environmental impacts, principally in relation to our supply chains. Addressing challenging areas with the following ambitions:Deforestation, conversion and biodiversity – conserving forests and other high conservation value habitats, while meeting rising food demand with diminishing available landAs part of our commitment to transparent reporting on key sustainability issues, the following links provide information on the list of participants and attendees, as well as the minutes of topics discussed at committee meetings.
    • Executive compensation linked to deforestation
      Executive compensation
      No
      0/0
      Does it disclose the percentage of pay at risk?: No
    • Target to reduce emissions from land-use change
      0/1
    • Reporting on emissions from land-use change
      0/1
    • Disclosure of conservation activity
    • Disclosure of reforestation activity
      Reforestation disclosure
      Yes
      0/0
      How many hectares of reforestation or restoration are being or have been conducted or facilitated by the company?: 15400ha
      "100 Million Trees Program LDC has partnered with Starbucks’ ‘One Tree for Every Bag‘ program to replace over four million old coffee trees in Mexico’s Oaxaca and Chiapas regions with Marsellesa, a more productive variety that is also resistant to coffee rust fungus. To date, the program has benefitted more than 7,500 farmers, representing more than 15,400 hectares of coffee production. Before receiving the new trees, farmers are given technical assistance and training in good agricultural practices, to maximize survival rates of the young trees."
    • Target to reduce emissions in scope 1/2
  • Commodity score
    46/90
    • Palm oil
      53/90
      • Commitment Strength
        16/17
        • Commitment to protect priority forests
          9/9.5
          • Commitment details
            Zero-gross conversion
            6/6
            Commitment to protect priority forests
            Zero-gross conversion
            6/6
            Which certification schemes are used?: RSPO

            Does the company have a commitment to the protection of other specific named ecosystems?: HCS; Peat

            When was this commitment set?: 2021
            "LDC Commits to Zero Deforestation & Native Vegetation Conversion in Its Supply Chains by End 2025"[...]"We will work with our suppliers to ensure adherence to the principles above, with the following specific requirements; comply with a no deforestation principle; Safeguard all HCV and HCS areas; No development on peat, regardless of depth. Plantations already developed on peat shall follow the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil’s (RSPO) Manual on Best Management Practices for Existing Oil Palm Cultivation on Peat to ensure responsible management of peat. Where appropriate, peat restoration should be considered and attempted."
          • Commitment applies to all regions, suppliers and operation
            Yes
            2/2
            Commitment applies to all regions, suppliers and operation
            Yes
            2/2
            "LDC Commits to Zero Deforestation & Native Vegetation Conversion in Its Supply Chains by End 2025"[...]"We will work with our suppliers to ensure adherence to the principles above, with the following specific requirements; comply with a no deforestation principle; Safeguard all HCV and HCS areas; No development on peat, regardless of depth. Plantations already developed on peat shall follow the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil’s (RSPO) Manual on Best Management Practices for Existing Oil Palm Cultivation on Peat to ensure responsible management of peat. Where appropriate, peat restoration should be considered and attempted."
          • Target date
            2025
            0.8/1
            Target date
            2025
            0.8/1
            What actions or steps are identified for time-bound implementation?: RSPO Certification
            "LDC Commits to Zero Deforestation & Native Vegetation Conversion in Its Supply Chains by End 2025"[...]"We will work with our suppliers to ensure adherence to the principles above, with the following specific requirements; comply with a no deforestation principle; Safeguard all HCV and HCS areas; No development on peat, regardless of depth. Plantations already developed on peat shall follow the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil’s (RSPO) Manual on Best Management Practices for Existing Oil Palm Cultivation on Peat to ensure responsible management of peat. Where appropriate, peat restoration should be considered and attempted."
          • Interim target date
            No
            0/0.5
        • Commitment to a traceable supply chain
          8/7.5
          • Commitment details
            Traces to Point of production
            4/4
            Commitment to a traceable supply chain
            Traces to Point of production
            4/4
            When was this commitment set?: NA
            LDC has a target date for mill level traceability of 2025, but not for the plantation level - "At LDC, we make sourcing transparency a priority, aiming ultimately to trace palm oil back to plantation level. We made good progress on traceability in 2021, expanding our traceability scope to include packaged oil and India flows, and reaching 97% traceability to mill level, with the aim of closing the remaining gap by 2022. We also reached 90% traceability to plantation level for directly-sourced volumes, and 72% traceability to plantation for global volumes. [...] 100% traceability to mill level for palm sourced directly to LDC refineries Completion: 2021 Status: Missed (99%)"
          • Commitment applies to all regions, suppliers and operation
            Yes
            2/2
            Commitment applies to all regions, suppliers and operation
            Yes
            2/2
            LDC has a target date for mill level traceability of 2025, but not for the plantation level - "At LDC, we make sourcing transparency a priority, aiming ultimately to trace palm oil back to plantation level. We made good progress on traceability in 2021, expanding our traceability scope to include packaged oil and India flows, and reaching 97% traceability to mill level, with the aim of closing the remaining gap by 2022. We also reached 90% traceability to plantation level for directly-sourced volumes, and 72% traceability to plantation for global volumes. [...] 100% traceability to mill level for palm sourced directly to LDC refineries Completion: 2021 Status: Missed (99%)"
          • Target date
            Current/achieved
            1/1
            Target date
            Current/achieved
            1/1
            What actions or steps are identified for time-bound implementation?: Not specified
            LDC has a target date for mill level traceability of 2025, but not for the plantation level - "At LDC, we make sourcing transparency a priority, aiming ultimately to trace palm oil back to plantation level. We made good progress on traceability in 2021, expanding our traceability scope to include packaged oil and India flows, and reaching 97% traceability to mill level, with the aim of closing the remaining gap by 2022. We also reached 90% traceability to plantation level for directly-sourced volumes, and 72% traceability to plantation for global volumes. [...] 100% traceability to mill level for palm sourced directly to LDC refineries Completion: 2021 Status: Missed (99%)"
          • Interim target date
            Yes
            0.5/0.5
            Interim target date
            Yes
            0.5/0.5
            What date is given for the interim milestone?: 2025
            LDC has a target date for mill level traceability of 2025, but not for the plantation level - "At LDC, we make sourcing transparency a priority, aiming ultimately to trace palm oil back to plantation level. We made good progress on traceability in 2021, expanding our traceability scope to include packaged oil and India flows, and reaching 97% traceability to mill level, with the aim of closing the remaining gap by 2022. We also reached 90% traceability to plantation level for directly-sourced volumes, and 72% traceability to plantation for global volumes. [...] 100% traceability to mill level for palm sourced directly to LDC refineries Completion: 2021 Status: Missed (99%)"
      • Associated Human Rights Abuses
        9/17
        • Labour rights in the supply chain
          Yes
          3/3
          Labour rights in the supply chain
          Yes
          3/3
          Other workers' rights commitments: Guaranteed safe and healthy workspaces; Free from abusive practices/undue disciplinary procedures

          Details of commitment: ILO; Discrimination; Forced labour; Child labour; Freedom of association

          How far back in the supply chain does this commitment apply?: All tiers
          LDC commit to the following and require their suppliers to: "Respect human rights in line with the United Nations’ Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, including conducting human rights due diligence in own operations and supply chains, as well as taking responsibility to provide for, or cooperate in, fair and just remedy, in case of having caused or contributed to adverse human rights impacts. • Respect the rights of all workers, including permanent, temporary, seasonal, migrant and contract workers, as defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Labour Organization’s eight Fundamental Conventions. • Prohibit any form of child labor, bonded labor, slavery, forced labor or human trafficking; prohibit contract substitution and punitive fines, or any restrictions on workers’ freedom of movement during their free time. Uphold workers’ rights to free association, peaceful assemble and collective bargaining in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. • Prohibit any form of harassment, violence or discrimination with regard to race, religion, sex, age, physical ability, political opinion, marital status, ethnicity, gender identity and expression or sexual orientation, while promoting gender equality"
        • Inclusion of small-scale farmers
          Yes
          2/2
          Inclusion of small-scale farmers
          Yes
          2/2
          What is the nature of that support?: Technical assistance/support; Education and training, Economic

          How many smallholders do they support, and what percentage does this represent in terms of their sourcing from smallholders?: 1,000
          In relation to their 2021 palm oil policy - "Support smallholders to address existing gaps with this policy, if any, by providing tools, capacity-building and incentives to work toward more sustainable production." [...] "Target - Train a further 1,000 South Sumatran palm smallholder farmers in GAPs Completion: 2022 [...] In collaboration with the Louis Dreyfus Foundation, we launched a new project in South Comoé, Côte d'Ivoire, to train smallholder oil palm producers on sustainable farming practices, regenerative agriculture, agricultural diversification and business entrepreneurship, with particular focus on younger generations and female farmers. This three-year project is expected to establish a rural farm business incubator that serves as a center of knowledge exchange, learning and best practice testing. It aims to train 400 young adults (minimum 30% women) and have 300 farmers apply regenerative practices and cultivation improvements at farm level."
        • Gender equality in the supply chain
          Commitment to address gender related labour rights including discrimination and harassment
          1/2
          Gender equality in the supply chain
          Commitment to address gender related labour rights including discrimination and harassment
          0.5/2
          "Prohibit any form of harassment, violence or discrimination with regard to race, religion, sex, age, physical ability, political opinion, marital status, ethnicity, gender identity and expression or sexual orientation, while promoting gender equality."
        • Commitment to remediation
          Yes, and until those open harms are remediated the company ceases operations on/sourcing from those operations
          1/1
          Commitment to remediation
          Yes, and until those open harms are remediated the company ceases operations on/sourcing from those operations
          1/1
          What does the commitment cover?: Social harm; Environmental harm
          "Respect human rights in line with the United Nations’ Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, including conducting human rights due diligence in own operations and supply chains, as well as taking responsibility to provide for, or cooperate in, fair and just remedy, in case of having caused or contributed to adverse human rights impacts. [...] LDC offers public channels for stakeholders to report potential non-compliance, including our Ethics Line hosted by a third-party service provider and our specific palm-related grievance channel3 . LDC will work to resolve received grievances in a timely and structured manner, following our Palm Grievance Protocol. LDC does not tolerate retaliation against anyone who, in good faith, raises a concern or participates in a non-compliance investigation." [...] "LDC to assess validity of Grievance; if there is clearance, issue a stop-work order, which should be in place until the grievance is resolved"
        • Commitment to ensure Free, Prior and Informed Consent
          Yes, the company commits to test for FPIC prior to acquiring new interests, developments, or expansions
          2/3
          Commitment to ensure Free, Prior and Informed Consent
          Yes, the company commits to test for FPIC prior to acquiring new interests, developments, or expansions
          2/3
          How far back in the supply chain does this commitment apply?: All tiers
          "Respect the rights of local communities and indigenous peoples, which includes land tenure, and the right to give or withhold free, prior and informed consent to acquisition and development of land on which they hold legal, communal or customary rights."
        • Commitment to resolve land conflicts
          No
          0/3
          Commitment to resolve land conflicts
          No
          0/3
        • Zero-tolerance approach to violence and threats
          No
          0/3
      • Implementation and Reporting
        29/56
        • Reporting volumes against commitments
          50-79%
          2/3
          Reporting volumes against commitments
          50-79%
          1.5/3
          What is the proportion of total commodity volume sourced with known deforestation/conversion risk?: 72%

          What is the certified volume?: 72%

          What is the volume with unknown deforestation/conversion risk? Disaggregated by product type or use as relevant.: 28%

          What is the compliant volume?: 72%

          What percentage of the commodity purchased or sourced by the company can be traced to the level of a sourcing area, but not to production unit, in areas with deforestation/conversion risk?: 0% unknown

          What is the non-certified/non-compliant volume?: 28%

          What percentage of the commodity purchased or sourced by the company can be traced to the farm level on production units that are not DCF?: 0% unknown

          Does the company report on the degree of compliance/progress with commitments, disaggregated by relevant factors such as origin or supply chain stage?: Yes
          LDC has a target date for mill level traceability of 2025, but not for the plantation level. They have 72% for global plantation level - "At LDC, we make sourcing transparency a priority, aiming ultimately to trace palm oil back to plantation level. We made good progress on traceability in 2021, expanding our traceability scope to include packaged oil and India flows, and reaching 97% traceability to mill level, with the aim of closing the remaining gap by 2022. We also reached 90% traceability to plantation level for directly-sourced volumes, and 72% traceability to plantation for global volumes. [...] 100% traceability to mill level for palm sourced directly to LDC refineries Completion: 2021 Status: Missed (99%)"
        • Reporting is independently verified
          Yes, using a third-party verification scheme or certification scheme
          2/2
          Reporting is independently verified
          Yes, using a third-party verification scheme or certification scheme
          2/2
          For what percent of the company's supply volume is third-party verification of performance relative to commitments conducted?: NA

          What methods are used for verification?: ISCC ; RSPO

          Which processes or groups does the company use for third party verification?: ISCC ; RSPO

          Which tools, approaches, third-party verification, including certification, schemes are used?: ISCC ; RSPO

          What percent of the company's supply volume is verified using company verification systems?: NA

          Is the performance of compliance of some suppliers, sources, or origins not verified, and if so why not?: NA
          Louis Dreyfus publish in their 2021 Sustainability Report that they consume 421KMT of certified palm oil by ISCC and RSPO in 2020. In their 2020 RSPO ACOP report, they outline how 5.34% of their palm oil consumption is RSPO certified at 98634 metric tonnes.
        • Suppliers aligned with deforestation commitments across supply chain
          Yes, required
          3/3
          Suppliers aligned with deforestation commitments across supply chain
          Yes, required
          3/3
          "Building on progress so far, we updated this policy in 2022 to reflect refreshed commitments, principles and expectations. In line with our collaborative approach to implementation, we will engage with our suppliers and other stakeholders, explaining the updates to our Palm Sustainability Policy, requesting their acknowledgement and feedback, and reporting regularly and transparently on progress." [...] "To mitigate the risk of deforestation and other unsustainable practices with negative consequences for communities and the environment, we must work closely with all palm production stakeholders – growers, peers, consumer brands and retailers, NGOs, financial institutions, governments and others - to protect forests, native vegetation and peatlands, while advancing social and economic welfare. In line with our No Deforestation, No Peat, No Exploitation (NDPE) policy, we track progress across our palm supply chain to identify where action is needed and work alongside our suppliers to implement the necessary changes."
        • Deforestation cut off date
          No
          0/2
        • Collaborative actions
          Yes
          2/2
          Collaborative actions
          Yes
          2/2
          What initiatives does the company participate in?: Palm Oil Collaboration Group

          What is the nature of that participation?: Providing support/ advice/ experience/ expertise; Providing technical capacity
          "We also joined the Palm Oil Collaboration Group, which brings together companies from every stage of the palm oil supply chain. to accelerate effective implementation of NDPE commitments. Among other collaborative areas we actively contribute to the development of the social IRF tool, to measure companies' progress towards zero exploitation."
        • Jurisdictional approach focused on sustainable land use
          No
          0/2
        • Risk assessments for forest risk
          Yes
          2/2
          Risk assessments for forest risk
          Yes
          2/2
          For what percentage of material produced or sourced by the company has forest risk been assessed?: 0% unknown

          How frequently are assessments conducted?: Not specified but examples are given in 2021 report
          LDC has a commitment to and requires its suppliers to: "Conduct HCV-HCS1 assessments with accredited experts2 to identify conservation areas prior to any land clearance activities"
        • Operations assessed to comply with law
          Yes
          2/2
          Operations assessed to comply with law
          Yes
          2/2
          "LDC will develop a plan to guide the implementation of this policy. We will collaborate with our suppliers and technical partners to further develop our traceability systems and apply various tools for assessing and monitoring supplier compliance. These may include supplier self-assessments, onsite and offsite audits, satellite monitoring, etc...We commit to a transparent and sustainable palm supply chain that upholds the following principles: • Comply with all applicable laws and regulations, and uphold business ethics; These includes local, national and international laws and regulations related to environmental, social and corporate governance, including anti-bribery, corruption and money laundering."
        • Accessible grievance mechanism
          Yes, and published details of any grievances within the last two years (2019-2021)
          4/4
          Accessible grievance mechanism
          Yes, and published details of any grievances within the last two years (2019-2021)
          4/4
          Which issues does the grievance mechanism cover?: Social; Environmental

          What is the nature of the grievance mechanism used by the company?: Own mechanism
          To file a grievance you email global-palm-sustainability@ldc.com. They have a list of palm mills who have not complied and the status of that grievance process (eg. monitoring/ closed)
        • Report volumes of commodity
          Reporting partial volumes
          2/3
          Report volumes of commodity
          Reporting partial volumes
          1.5/3
          Reporting non-certified/non-compliant volume: 0 unknown

          What product types/sectors is this in?: production of palm oil

          What is the non-DCF commodity volume sourced from known production areas, and proportion of total supply chain volume this represents?: 0 unknown

          Total volume: 0 unknown

          Reporting certified/compliant volume: 421,000 Metric Tonnes
          Louis Dreyfus publish in their 2021 Sustainability Report that they consume 421,000 tonnes of certified palm oil by ISCC and RSPO in 2020. In their 2020 RSPO ACOP report, they outline how 5.34% of their palm oil consumption is RSPO certified at 98,634 metric tonnes.
        • Upstream: Monitor compliance with human rights
          No
          0/5
        • Compliance of company-owned operations
          No
          0/5
        • Upstream: Impact assessments for land development/acquisition
          Yes
          4/4
          Upstream: Impact assessments for land development/acquisition
          Yes
          4/4
          For what percentage of production units has an ESIA been carried out as part of the land use planning process?: NA

          How does the company remedy adverse social and environmental impacts linked to their operations and/or supply chains?: Unspecified
          "Key Commitment [...] environmental and social impact assessment"[...]"• Conduct environmental and social risk assessments prior to new development in ecologically and socially sensitive regions, to protect valuable forests, habitats, ecosystems and biological diversity;"
        • Upstream: Reporting production/processing locations
          Reports location of company-owned processing facilities
          1/4
          Upstream: Reporting production/processing locations
          Reports location of company-owned processing facilities
          1/4
          What type of conservation designation and/or conservation status is used?: NA

          For what percent are boundaries (of certified land holdings) disclosed?: 0%

          For what percent are boundaries disclosed?: 0%

          What types of ecosystems are these?: NA

          For what percent are point locations (of certified land holdings) disclosed?: 0%

          What is the total area in production (in ha)?: NA

          What is the total area (in ha) of natural ecosystem on land owned, managed, or controlled by the company?: NA

          For what percent are point locations (of land holdings and processing facilities) disclosed: 0%

          For what percent are point locations (of holdings under conservation) disclosed?: 0%

          What is the area, in hectares of production units, on which non-DCF commodities are produced or processed, by country and jurisdiction: NA

          In what jurisdiction(s)/subnational region does the company operate and/or source material?: Southern Sumatra ; East Kalimantan

          From what sub-national jurisdiction(s) does the company source material?: Southern Sumatra ; East Kalimantan

          What is the total area of land (in ha) that is available for future production, e.g. concessions?: NA

          What is the total land area owned, managed, or controlled by the company for the forest risk commodity?: NA

          In what country(ies) does the company operate and/or source material?: Indonesia; Singapore;

          What is the volume of each forest risk commodity that the company produced/processed/sourced in the previous year from each national or subnational location?: NA

          For what percent are boundaries (of holdings under conservation) disclosed?: 0%
          "LDC is present throughout Indonesia, with six strategically-located facilities. " These include refineries in East Kalimantan and Southern Sumatra
        • Downstream: Publishing supplier lists
          Yes, report direct suppliers; Yes, report indirect suppliers
          4/4
          Downstream: Publishing supplier lists
          Yes, report direct suppliers; Yes, report indirect suppliers
          4/4
          What type of location data (boundary, point, etc.) is provided for smallholder farms?: NA

          For what percent are boundaries disclosed?: 0%

          For what percent is no location data disclosed?: 0%

          From what sub-national jurisdiction(s) does the company source material?: NA

          What is the volume of each forest risk commodity that the company sourced in the previous year from each national or subnational location?: NA

          Does the company disclose location of suppliers' production areas or primary processing sites?: No

          From what country(ies) does the company source material?: Indonesia

          For what percent of suppliers' production areas are point locations disclosed?: 0%

          For what percent of smallholder suppliers is location disclosed?: NA
          "The list identifies mills supplying LDC Indonesia Refineries and Singapore Commercial operations. Mills supplying the LDC Indonesia refineries are considered direct. Mills supplying Commercial Trading operations are indirect. A summary list of the trading partners is also below. The data is based on self-declaration information or public dashboards, and is gathered bi-annually. Best efforts are made to ensure accuracy."
        • Upstream: Monitor compliance of production/processing
          Yes, using a third-party verification system
          4/4
          Upstream: Monitor compliance of production/processing
          Yes, using a third-party verification system
          4/4
          What tools, processes, bodies carry out monitoring of the company's production or processing operations?: NDPE Implementation Reporting Framework (IRF)

          If so, what jurisdictions and mechanisms does the company use?: 100%

          For what percentage of the commodity sourced by the company is deforestation/conversion monitored at the farm level on production units known to be in the company's supply chain?: 100%

          For what percentage of suppliers does the company use/rely on external mechanisms to monitor compliance?: 100%

          For what percentage of production or primary processing operations that it owns, manages, or otherwise controls does the company use external processes or actors, such as certification, to monitor compliance?: 100%

          How frequently is compliance assessed?: Not specified

          Does the company use a certification system?: No

          Does the company use a jurisdictional monitoring mechanism?: No
          "We also adopted a new tool, the NDPE Implementation Reporting Framework (IRF), to measure the overall sustainability performance of our supply chain towards our zero deforestation and peat development targets. We have implemented the IRF reporting with our two refineries in Indonesia, which will receive external verification in early 2022 then be publicly disclosed for transparency."
        • Upstream: Reporting hectares of deforestation
          No
          0/4
        • Downstream: Monitor compliance in supply chain
          Yes, for its suppliers
          2/4
          Downstream: Monitor compliance in supply chain
          Yes, for its suppliers
          2/4
          For what percentage of suppliers does the company use/rely on external mechanisms to monitor compliance?: 0% unspecified

          For what percentage of the commodity sourced by the company is deforestation/conversion monitored at the farm level on production units known to be in the company's supply chain?: 0% unspecified

          For what percent of suppliers does the company directly monitor compliance of production or processing operations?: 0% unspecified

          How frequently is compliance assessed?: Regularly (not specified)

          How is compliance monitored?: Certification; Internal monitoring and verification systems

          What percentage of the company's supply chain volume does that represent?: 0% unspecified
          "LDC will develop a plan to guide the implementation of this policy. We will collaborate with our suppliers and technical partners to further develop our traceability systems and apply various tools for assessing and monitoring supplier compliance. These may include supplier self-assessments, onsite and offsite audits, satellite monitoring, etc. We will also continue to support the production and trading of certified sustainable palm oil, as well as key sectoral and landscape initiatives, as additional means to deliver on our NDPE commitment and promote sectoral transformation. LDC will publicly report on policy implementation on regular basis. We reserve the right to request corrective actions by suppliers in case of confirmed noncompliance. Corrective action for non-compliance after the November 2016 reference date may include compensation, restoration or conservation of peatland or forest by working with expert stakeholders and communities. We also reserve the right to disengage from suppliers in case of failure or unwillingness to implement such actions. In order to resume commercial relations with LDC, suspended suppliers shall comply with LDC’s Palm Supply Chain Re-entry Criteria."
        • Downstream: Reporting hectares of deforestation
          No
          0/4
        • Downstream: Engagement with non-compliant suppliers
          Engage with suppliers with a time-bound threat of exclusion
          2/2
          Downstream: Engagement with non-compliant suppliers
          Engage with suppliers with a time-bound threat of exclusion
          2/2
          What criteria does the policy specify for blacklisting or exclusion?: non compliance with it's NDPE policy

          Does the company work with the non-compliant supplier to develop an implementation plan to remedy associated harms or non-compliance?: Yes

          Does the company engage non-compliant indirect suppliers in order to address and remedy non-compliance?: Yes

          Does the company commit to engage with rightsholders, Indigenous peoples and local communities when developing the implementation plan?: No

          What type of support does the company offer to its suppliers to help them achieve compliance with commitments?: collaboration of action plans
          "LDC will develop a plan to guide the implementation of this policy. We will collaborate with our suppliers and technical partners to further develop our traceability systems and apply various tools for assessing and monitoring supplier compliance. These may include supplier self-assessments, onsite and offsite audits, satellite monitoring, etc. We will also continue to support the production and trading of certified sustainable palm oil, as well as key sectoral and landscape initiatives, as additional means to deliver on our NDPE commitment and promote sectoral transformation. LDC will publicly report on policy implementation on regular basis. We reserve the right to request corrective actions by suppliers in case of confirmed noncompliance. Corrective action for non-compliance after the November 2016 reference date may include compensation, restoration or conservation of peatland or forest by working with expert stakeholders and communities. We also reserve the right to disengage from suppliers in case of failure or unwillingness to implement such actions. In order to resume commercial relations with LDC, suspended suppliers shall comply with LDC’s Palm Supply Chain Re-entry Criteria. "
        • Downstream: Disclosure of non-compliant suppliers
          Yes, engaged; Yes, excluded
          2/2
          Downstream: Disclosure of non-compliant suppliers
          Yes, engaged; Yes, excluded
          2/2
          How many noncompliant producers or suppliers are engaged through improvement plans or other processes, and what percentage of the company's supply chain volume does that represent?: 13 direct, 34 indirect

          Does the company have a list of blacklisted or otherwise excluded suppliers or producers?: No
          No list but do mention excluded suppliers in grievance doc - "LDC will work to resolve received grievances in a timely and structured manner, following our Palm Grievance Protocol. LDC does not tolerate retaliation against anyone who, in good faith, raises a concern or participates in a non-compliance investigation"
    • Soy
      39/90
      • Commitment Strength
        15/17
        • Commitment to protect priority forests
          9/9.5
          • Commitment details
            Zero-gross conversion
            6/6
            Commitment to protect priority forests
            Zero-gross conversion
            6/6
            If other certification, specify: LDC’s Program for Sustainable Agriculture

            When was this commitment set?: 2021

            Does the company have a commitment to the protection of other specific named ecosystems?: HCS; Peat

            Does the company commitment also explicitly apply to hidden/indirect soy?: Supply chain contains no indirect soy

            Which certification schemes are used?: RTRS; Other certification
            "In early 2022, we announced our zero deforestation and native vegetation conversion target by the end of 2025. Following thorough soy supply chain risk assessments in 2020, in 2021 we began developing our methodology to verify soy purchase volumes with zero deforestation and conversion, in consultation with key stakeholders. This methodology will be finalized in 2022 and applied to global soy sourcing, to establish our baseline for deforestation- and conversion-free soy. [....] We also continued with our RTRS certification program in both countries, keeping in scope our Timbúes and General Lagos facilities in Argentina, and our CAIASA, Trociuk and Santa Maria facilities in Paraguay"
          • Commitment applies to all regions, suppliers and operation
            Yes
            2/2
            Commitment applies to all regions, suppliers and operation
            Yes
            2/2
            "In early 2022, we announced our zero deforestation and native vegetation conversion target by the end of 2025. Following thorough soy supply chain risk assessments in 2020, in 2021 we began developing our methodology to verify soy purchase volumes with zero deforestation and conversion, in consultation with key stakeholders. This methodology will be finalized in 2022 and applied to global soy sourcing, to establish our baseline for deforestation- and conversion-free soy. [....] We also continued with our RTRS certification program in both countries, keeping in scope our Timbúes and General Lagos facilities in Argentina, and our CAIASA, Trociuk and Santa Maria facilities in Paraguay"
          • Target date
            2025
            0.8/1
            Target date
            2025
            0.8/1
            What actions or steps are identified for time-bound implementation?: not specified
            "In early 2022, we announced our zero deforestation and native vegetation conversion target by the end of 2025. Following thorough soy supply chain risk assessments in 2020, in 2021 we began developing our methodology to verify soy purchase volumes with zero deforestation and conversion, in consultation with key stakeholders. This methodology will be finalized in 2022 and applied to global soy sourcing, to establish our baseline for deforestation- and conversion-free soy. [....] We also continued with our RTRS certification program in both countries, keeping in scope our Timbúes and General Lagos facilities in Argentina, and our CAIASA, Trociuk and Santa Maria facilities in Paraguay"
          • Interim target date
            NA (target date current or achieved or 2023)
            0.5/0.5
            Interim target date
            NA (target date current or achieved or 2023)
            0.5/0.5
            What date is given for the interim milestone?: 2023
            "Establish our baseline and annual targets for deforestation- and conversion-free soy - target date 2023"
        • Commitment to a traceable supply chain
          6/7.5
          • Commitment details
            Traces to Point of production
            4/4
            Commitment to a traceable supply chain
            Traces to Point of production
            4/4
            When was this commitment set?: 2021
            "LDC spatially-monitors all areas where LDC has traceability to farm...Published traceability to farm & Risk analysis Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay (in place) and Uruguay (in progress)"[...]"100% traceability to farm for direct sourcing in high-risk regions as defined in our deforestation risk assessment regions Completion: 2023"
          • Commitment applies to all regions, suppliers and operation
            No
            0/2
            Commitment applies to all regions, suppliers and operation
            No
            0/2
            What is the rationale for any exclusions?: High risk sourcing regions

            What subsidiaries are explicitly included?: Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay

            If no, what is excluded?: Location
            "LDC spatially-monitors all areas where LDC has traceability to farm...Published traceability to farm & Risk analysis Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay (in place) and Uruguay (in progress)"[...]"100% traceability to farm for direct sourcing in high-risk regions as defined in our deforestation risk assessment regions Completion: 2023"
          • Target date
            2023
            1/1
            Target date
            2023
            1/1
            What actions or steps are identified for time-bound implementation?: NA
            "LDC spatially-monitors all areas where LDC has traceability to farm...Published traceability to farm & Risk analysis Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay (in place) and Uruguay (in progress)"[...]"100% traceability to farm for direct sourcing in high-risk regions as defined in our deforestation risk assessment regions Completion: 2023"
          • Interim target date
            NA (target date current or achieved or 2023)
            0.5/0.5
            Interim target date
            NA (target date current or achieved or 2023)
            0.5/0.5
            What date is given for the interim milestone?: NA
            "LDC spatially-monitors all areas where LDC has traceability to farm...Published traceability to farm & Risk analysis Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay (in place) and Uruguay (in progress)"[...]"100% traceability to farm for direct sourcing in high-risk regions as defined in our deforestation risk assessment regions Completion: 2023"
      • Associated Human Rights Abuses
        6/17
        • Labour rights in the supply chain
          Yes
          3/3
          Labour rights in the supply chain
          Yes
          3/3
          How far back in the supply chain does this commitment apply?: all tiers

          Details of commitment: ILO; Discrimination
          "LDC commits to influence and collaborate with stakeholders across the soy supply chain in order to: Comply with all eight International Labour Organization (ILO) fundamental conventions" "it is imperative that we work with all stakeholders to ensure that our supply chains minimize environmental impacts, while at the same time observing human rights, respecting communities and eliminating discrimination"
        • Inclusion of small-scale farmers
          Yes
          2/2
          Inclusion of small-scale farmers
          Yes
          2/2
          What is the nature of that support?: Certification

          How many smallholders do they support, and what percentage does this represent in terms of their sourcing from smallholders?: NA
          "In Paraguay, we are collaborating with CAPPRO (Paraguayan Chamber of Oilseeds Processors) and the UNDP (United Nations Development Program) to expand the use of soy certification in cooperatives where smallholder farmers sell their beans."
        • Gender equality in the supply chain
          No commitment
          0/2
        • Commitment to remediation
          Yes
          1/1
          Commitment to remediation
          Yes
          0.5/1
          What does the commitment cover?: Social harm
          "Ensure all our contracts include the LDC Human Rights clause. Breach of policy: Incident should be reported to Country Manager/Regional CEO, as well as the direct manager for analysis; remediation plan should be defined, implemented and impact measured."
        • Commitment to ensure Free, Prior and Informed Consent
          No
          0/3
        • Commitment to resolve land conflicts
          No
          0/3
        • Zero-tolerance approach to violence and threats
          No
          0/3
      • Implementation and Reporting
        19/56
        • Reporting volumes against commitments
          Compliant commodity volume disclosed for partial volumes
          1/3
          Reporting volumes against commitments
          Compliant commodity volume disclosed for partial volumes
          0.5/3
          What percentage of the commodity purchased or sourced by the company can be traced to the farm level on production units that are not DCF?: NA

          What is the certified volume?: NA

          What is the compliant volume?: NA

          What is the volume with unknown deforestation/conversion risk? Disaggregated by product type or use as relevant.: NA

          What is the proportion of total commodity volume sourced with known deforestation/conversion risk?: NA

          What is the non-certified/non-compliant volume?: NA

          Does the company report on the degree of compliance/progress with commitments, disaggregated by relevant factors such as origin or supply chain stage?: No

          What percentage of the commodity purchased or sourced by the company can be traced to the level of a sourcing area, but not to production unit, in areas with deforestation/conversion risk?: NA
          "Throughout Brazil, LDC currently has 70% traceability to farm for all direct purchases and traceability to municipality for the remainder...84-90% of LDC Argentina’s origination volumes over the previous two campaigns came from verified sources of no-deforestation risk...The extensive certification programs (covering 45-51% of all LDC Argentina sourcing depending on the year) ensures full traceability to farm." Unclear what traceability to farm is in Uruguay and Paraguay.
        • Reporting is independently verified
          Yes, using a third-party verification scheme or certification scheme
          0/2
          Reporting is independently verified
          Yes, using a third-party verification scheme or certification scheme
          0/2
          Which tools, approaches, third-party verification, including certification, schemes are used?: RTRS, LDC’s Program for Sustainable Agriculture

          What methods are used for verification?: RTRS

          For what percent of the company's supply volume is third-party verification of performance relative to commitments conducted?: 0 unclear

          Is the performance of compliance of some suppliers, sources, or origins not verified, and if so why not?: 0 unclear

          What percent of the company's supply volume is verified using company verification systems?: 0 unclear

          Which processes or groups does the company use for third party verification?: RTRS, LDC’s Program for Sustainable Agriculture
          LDC report a total of "Sustainable Soybeans" in Paraguay as 51.84 KMT and 382 KMT in Argentina for 2021 this is made up of their own certification and RTRS but it's unclear how much of each is reported. Report Certified Hectares (Kha) as 47.19 in Paraguay as and 3123 in Argentina. They do not report volumes from Brazil. "In 2021, we significantly increased the percentage of certified sustainable soy in Argentina, from 30% to 49% of our total soy sourcing volume. This brings us closer to our target of making our biggest crushing plant in General Lagos a dedicated facility for processing sustainable soy"
        • Suppliers aligned with deforestation commitments across supply chain
          Yes, required
          3/3
          Suppliers aligned with deforestation commitments across supply chain
          Yes, required
          3/3
          "Eliminate engagement in, or financing of deforestation throughout our supply chain, and conserve biomes proven to be of high ecological value, such as the Cerrado, Brazil, with the intent to discourage and eliminate conversion of native vegetation;[...]We expect our supply chain and joint-venture partners to work collaboratively and transparently in applying the above principles, and to implement the equivalent of LDC’s standard operating principles with regards to this Soy Sustainability Policy"
        • Deforestation cut off date
          Yes, for partial sourcing regions/operations
          1/2
          Deforestation cut off date
          Yes, for partial sourcing regions/operations
          1/2
          What cut-off date is specified?: 2008
          "Ensuring Supplier Due Diligence As a member of the Amazon Soy Moratorium Working Group (GTS - Grupo de Trabalho da Soja) and signatory of the Green Grain Protocol of Pará State, in 2021, we continued to ensure all our Brazil soy supplies comply with the following minimum environmental and social criteria: • No deforestation after 2008 for farms in the Amazon biome (in accordance with the Soy Moratorium); "
        • Collaborative actions
          Yes
          2/2
          Collaborative actions
          Yes
          2/2
          What initiatives does the company participate in?: Nature Conservancy Project in Paraguay

          What is the nature of that participation?: Providing support/ advice/ experience/ expertise; Providing technical capacity
          "After launching our global Soy Sustainability Policy in 2018, we worked with environmental charity The Nature Conservancy in 2019 to incentivize soy producers in northern Argentina to expand cropland without resorting to deforestation. We engaged with farmers to better understand their needs and include them as we look to preserve at-risk forest areas."[...]"We also finalised Phase One of our pilot program with The Nature Conservancy in the Gran Chaco Biome, conducting supplier interviews and analyses of land use dynamics. Building on these findings, we are exploring financial and commercial supplier incentive mechanisms with the potential to prevent further deforestation in this critical region"
        • Jurisdictional approach focused on sustainable land use
          Yes
          2/2
          Jurisdictional approach focused on sustainable land use
          Yes
          2/2
          Does the company report on the type of engagement they are conducting in the context of the jurisdictional approach (e.g. disbursed financial support, in-kind support, capacity, preferential sourcing)?: NA

          What methodology was used to identify the jurisdictions of focus?: NA

          How many jurisdictional approaches focused on land use is the company currently involved in?: 1

          What are the names, locations, timelines and other partners involved in the jurisdictional approaches?: Produce Conserve and Include - Mato Grosso Brazil

          What percentage of the company's non-DCF supply chain are sourced from the landscape where the jurisdictional approach is adopted?: NA

          How is the company engaged within the jurisdictional approach?: Via the Soft Commodities Forum
          " Soft Commodity Forum (SCF) workstreams Traceability reporting; PCI – " Louis Dreyfus is a member of the Soft Commodity Forum Jurisdictional Approach - Produce Conserve and Include Initiative "through a similar producer focused process, with the intention of developing a multi-commodity and multi-stakeholder approach to encourage sustainable and profitable agricultural expansion"
        • Risk assessments for forest risk
          Yes
          2/2
          Risk assessments for forest risk
          Yes
          2/2
          For what percentage of material produced or sourced by the company has forest risk been assessed?: 0% not specified

          How frequently are assessments conducted?: Not specified
          "In early 2022, we announced our zero deforestation and native vegetation conversion target by the end of 2025. Following thorough soy supply chain risk assessments in 2020, in 2021 we began developing our methodology to verify soy purchase volumes with zero deforestation and conversion, in consultation with key stakeholders. This methodology will be finalized in 2022 and applied to global soy sourcing, to establish our baseline for deforestation- and conversion-free soy" [...] "Going forward we will carry out the same mapping and risk analysis in Uruguay and Paraguay, and add profiling land use dynamics beyond our current sourcing areas in Argentina, to seek solutions that avoid deforestation."
        • Operations assessed to comply with law
          No
          0/2
        • Accessible grievance mechanism
          No
          0/4
        • Report volumes of commodity
          Reporting partial volumes
          2/3
          Report volumes of commodity
          Reporting partial volumes
          1.5/3
          Reporting certified/compliant volume: 433.4 KMT

          Total volume: 0 unknown

          What is the non-DCF commodity volume sourced from known production areas, and proportion of total supply chain volume this represents?: 0 unknown

          Reporting non-certified/non-compliant volume: 0 unknown

          What product types/sectors is this in?: Soy refineing
          LDC report a total of "Sustainable Soybeans" in Paraguay as 51.84 KMT and 382 KMT in Argentina for 2021. Report Certified Hectares (Kha) as 47.19 in Paraguay as and 3123 in Argentina. They do not report volumes from Brazil. "In 2021, we significantly increased the percentage of certified sustainable soy in Argentina, from 30% to 49% of our total soy sourcing volume. This brings us closer to our target of making our biggest crushing plant in General Lagos a dedicated facility for processing sustainable soy"
        • Upstream: Monitor compliance with human rights
          No
          0/5
        • Compliance of company-owned operations
          No
          0/5
        • Upstream: Impact assessments for land development/acquisition
          Yes
          4/4
          Upstream: Impact assessments for land development/acquisition
          Yes
          4/4
          How does the company remedy adverse social and environmental impacts linked to their operations and/or supply chains?: Unspecified

          For what percentage of production units has an ESIA been carried out as part of the land use planning process?: NA
          "Key Commitment [...] environmental and social impact assessment"[...]"• Conduct environmental and social risk assessments prior to new development in ecologically and socially sensitive regions, to protect valuable forests, habitats, ecosystems and biological diversity;"
        • Upstream: Reporting production/processing locations
          No disclosure
          0/4
          Upstream: Reporting production/processing locations
          No disclosure
          0/4
          In what country(ies) does the company operate and/or source material?: Brazil ; Argentina ; Paraguay ; Uruguay

          What is the total area in production (in ha)?: NA

          What is the total area (in ha) of natural ecosystem on land owned, managed, or controlled by the company?: NA

          What is the volume of each forest risk commodity that the company produced/processed/sourced in the previous year from each national or subnational location?: NA

          In what jurisdiction(s)/subnational region does the company operate and/or source material?: Mato Grosso ; Parana ; Goias ; Minas Gerais ; Rondonia ; Para ; Buenos Aires ; Cordoba ; San Luis ' La Pampa ; Santiago del Estero ; Salta ; Entre Rios ; Santa Fe ; Chaco ; Alto Parana ; Amambay ; Caaguazu ; Caazapa ; Canindeyu ; Concepcion ; Guaira ; Itapua ; Misiones ; San Pedro

          What type of conservation designation and/or conservation status is used?: NA

          For what percent are boundaries (of certified land holdings) disclosed?: 0%

          From what sub-national jurisdiction(s) does the company source material?: Mato Grosso ; Parana ; Goias ; Minas Gerais ; Rondonia ; Para ; Buenos Aires ; Cordoba ; San Luis ' La Pampa ; Santiago del Estero ; Salta ; Entre Rios ; Santa Fe ; Chaco ; Alto Parana ; Amambay ; Caaguazu ; Caazapa ; Canindeyu ; Concepcion ; Guaira ; Itapua ; Misiones ; San Pedro

          What is the total area of land (in ha) that is available for future production, e.g. concessions?: NA

          What is the total land area owned, managed, or controlled by the company for the forest risk commodity?: NA

          For what percent are point locations (of certified land holdings) disclosed?: 0%

          For what percent are boundaries (of holdings under conservation) disclosed?: 0%

          For what percent are point locations (of holdings under conservation) disclosed?: 0%

          What is the area, in hectares of production units, on which non-DCF commodities are produced or processed, by country and jurisdiction: NA

          For what percent are boundaries disclosed?: 0%

          For what percent are point locations (of land holdings and processing facilities) disclosed: 0%

          What types of ecosystems are these?: NA
        • Downstream: Publishing supplier lists
          No
          0/4
        • Upstream: Monitor compliance of production/processing
          No
          0/4
        • Upstream: Reporting hectares of deforestation
          No
          0/4
          Upstream: Reporting hectares of deforestation
          No
          0/4
        • Downstream: Monitor compliance in supply chain
          Yes, for its suppliers
          2/4
          Downstream: Monitor compliance in supply chain
          Yes, for its suppliers
          2/4
          How frequently is compliance assessed?: Not disclosed

          What percentage of the company's supply chain volume does that represent?: NA

          How is compliance monitored?: Internal monitoring and verification systems

          For what percent of suppliers does the company directly monitor compliance of production or processing operations?: NA

          For what percentage of the commodity sourced by the company is deforestation/conversion monitored at the farm level on production units known to be in the company's supply chain?: NA

          For what percentage of suppliers does the company use/rely on external mechanisms to monitor compliance?: NA
          "LDC research team spatially monitors all sourcing with traceability to farm (polygon and GPS points, where a buffer was applied **) • This monitoring area covers an area of 11.5 million hectares, based on data gathered by the origination teams in the field • PRODES Cerrado and PRODES Amazon are used to monitor all land use conversion; a series of reference dates are applied to identify when clearance has taken place."[...]"In addition to the LDC research team monitoring, LDC also works with a 3rd party service provider to monitor soy sourcing, at a farmer and group level, before the point of purchase."
        • Downstream: Reporting hectares of deforestation
          No
          0/4
        • Downstream: Engagement with non-compliant suppliers
          Engage with suppliers but with no time-bound threat of exclusion
          1/2
          Downstream: Engagement with non-compliant suppliers
          Engage with suppliers but with no time-bound threat of exclusion
          1/2
          What type of support does the company offer to its suppliers to help them achieve compliance with commitments?: Monitor IBAMA embargos and carry out engagement activities

          Does the company commit to engage with rightsholders, Indigenous peoples and local communities when developing the implementation plan?: No

          Does the company engage non-compliant indirect suppliers in order to address and remedy non-compliance?: No

          Does the company work with the non-compliant supplier to develop an implementation plan to remedy associated harms or non-compliance?: Yes

          What criteria does the policy specify for blacklisting or exclusion?: NA
          "Among the 25 municipalities identified by the Soft Commodities Forum as higher priority, LDC is present in two (in Mato Grosso), with 100% traceability to farm at a polygon level. • One farm lost c. 400ha of native vegetation in 2019. It has been monitored for embargos on IBAMA and has no restrictions. Soy has not been established as yet. Further investigation and engagement will be carried out at the next planting season"
        • Downstream: Disclosure of non-compliant suppliers
          Yes, engaged
          1/2
          Downstream: Disclosure of non-compliant suppliers
          Yes, engaged
          1/2
          How many noncompliant producers or suppliers are engaged through improvement plans or other processes, and what percentage of the company's supply chain volume does that represent?: 1

          Does the company have a list of blacklisted or otherwise excluded suppliers or producers?: No
          "Among the 25 municipalities identified by the Soft Commodities Forum as higher priority, LDC is present in two (in Mato Grosso), with 100% traceability to farm at a polygon level. • One farm lost c. 400ha of native vegetation in 2019. It has been monitored for embargos on IBAMA and has no restrictions. Soy has not been established as yet. Further investigation and engagement will be carried out at the next planting season"
  • Commitment strength
    16/17
    Avg. score
  • Implementation and Reporting
    24/56
    Avg. score
  • Associated Human Rights Abuses
    7/17
    Avg. score

Profile

Louis Dreyfus Company (LDC) is a leading processor and trader in agricultural commodities active in more than 100 countries. It is one of the major processors and exporters of soy in South America and one of the largest commodity traders globally. The company has significant oilseed crushing facilities in Brazil and Argentina, as well as having an annual capacity of several million metric tons in China. LDC is among the top soy exporters in Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil. The company’s palm oil operations are also significant and it is a major producer of biodiesel. LOUIS DREYFUS is selected as a powerbroker for palm oil and soy.

Sector
Industry sector 
Food Distributors, Packaged Foods & Meats
Segments
Trader, Processor, Manufacturer
HQ
HQ 
Netherlands
Company Type
Company type 
CO
Collective Commitments
Consumer Goods Forum member
New York Declaration on Forests signatory

How we assess the Forest 500

To ensure deforestation free supply chains, companies need to adopt and implement timebound and measurable policies for forest risk commodities.

All assessments use policies published on company websites, some links may have changed or been removed since the time of assessment.

Disclaimer

This assessment has been carried out following the methodology developed for the Forest 500 project, available here. Please see our disclaimer applicable to all information contained within this site and our terms and conditions for use of data presented on this site.

All assessments use policies published on company and financial institution websites, and while we endeavor to keep them updated some links may have changed or been removed since the time of assessment.

Please contact us with any concerns or feedback about this or other assessments included in the Forest 500.